Gawai Dayak is a major festival celebrated by the Dayak people in the state of Sarawak, Malaysia. Observed annually on 1st and 2nd June, this festival marks the end of the harvesting season and serves as a time for the Dayak community to give thanks for a bountiful harvest. Gawai Dayak is characterised by traditional rituals, cultural performances, and communal feasting, reflecting the rich heritage and unity of the Dayak people.
Gawai Dayak Dates (2024-2027)
| Year | Date | Day | States Observed |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | 1-2 June | Saturday-Sunday | Sarawak |
| 2025 | 1-2 June | Sunday-Monday | Sarawak |
| 2026 | 1-2 June | Monday-Tuesday | Sarawak |
| 2027 | 1-2 June | Tuesday-Wednesday | Sarawak |
History and Background
Gawai Dayak, also known simply as Gawai, was officially recognised as a public holiday in Sarawak in 1965. The term “Gawai” means festival, and “Dayak” refers to the collective name for the indigenous peoples of Sarawak, including the Iban, Bidayuh, Kayan, Kenyah, and other ethnic groups. The festival is a time for the Dayak community to celebrate their cultural heritage, renew social bonds, and give thanks for the harvest.
Traditions and Cultural Significance
Traditional Rituals
Gawai Dayak begins with the “Muai Antu Rua” ritual, which involves the removal of spirit logs from the longhouse to ward off evil spirits. This is followed by the “Miring” ceremony, where offerings of food, drink, and other items are made to the deities and spirits to express gratitude for the harvest and seek blessings for the coming year.
Ngajat Dance
The Ngajat dance is a traditional dance performed during Gawai Dayak. Dancers, dressed in elaborate traditional costumes, move gracefully to the rhythm of gongs and drums. The dance is a celebration of life, bravery, and the unity of the Dayak people. It is often performed at the longhouse and during public celebrations.
Kumang Gawai Beauty Pageant
The Kumang Gawai beauty pageant is a highlight of the Gawai Dayak festival. This competition celebrates the beauty, grace, and cultural knowledge of Dayak women. Contestants from various ethnic groups participate in traditional attire, and the winner is crowned as the festival’s queen.
Traditional Games
Traditional games and sports are an integral part of the Gawai Dayak celebrations. These include events such as “Pangkis” (war cry competition), “Nyabong” (blowpipe competition), and other traditional sports that showcase the physical strength and skills of the participants.
Communal Feasting
Communal feasting, known as “Makan Tahun,” is a central aspect of Gawai Dayak. Families and communities come together to share traditional food and drinks, such as “tuak” (rice wine), “pansoh” (bamboo-cooked meat), and other local delicacies. The communal meals foster a sense of unity and strengthen social bonds.
Gawai Dayak Celebrations Across Sarawak
Kuching
In Kuching, the state capital, Gawai Dayak is celebrated with grand events and activities. The Sarawak Cultural Village hosts the main festivities, including the Ngajat dance, Kumang Gawai pageant, and traditional games. The city’s vibrant cultural scene is on full display, attracting both locals and tourists.
Sibu
Sibu, known for its rich Dayak heritage, is another focal point for Gawai Dayak celebrations. The town organises various cultural events, performances, and communal feasts, reflecting the traditions of the Iban and other Dayak communities. The longhouses in the surrounding areas are bustling with festive activities.
Miri
In Miri, Gawai Dayak is marked by traditional rituals, cultural performances, and community activities. The city’s diverse Dayak population celebrates the festival with enthusiasm, showcasing the unique cultural practices of different ethnic groups. The festivities in Miri are known for their vibrant and inclusive atmosphere.
Other Regions
Throughout Sarawak, towns and villages celebrate Gawai Dayak with local customs and traditions. These celebrations include community gatherings, traditional games, and cultural exhibitions that highlight the unique identity of each region within the state.
Conclusion: A Celebration of Gratitude and Cultural Heritage
Gawai Dayak in Sarawak is a vibrant celebration of gratitude, unity, and cultural heritage. Through rituals such as the Muai Antu Rua and Miring ceremonies, the Ngajat dance, the Kumang Gawai pageant, traditional games, and communal feasting, the Dayak people honour their ancestors and celebrate their rich cultural traditions. The festival fosters a sense of community and pride, making it a cherished part of Sarawak’s cultural calendar.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Is Gawai Dayak a public holiday in Malaysia?
Yes, Gawai Dayak is a public holiday in the state of Sarawak.
How do people in Sarawak typically celebrate Gawai Dayak?
People celebrate with traditional rituals, the Ngajat dance, the Kumang Gawai beauty pageant, traditional games, and communal feasting.
What is the significance of the Kumang Gawai beauty pageant?
The Kumang Gawai beauty pageant celebrates the beauty, grace, and cultural knowledge of Dayak women, honouring their contributions to the community.
What are some popular destinations in Sarawak to experience Gawai Dayak celebrations?
Popular destinations include Kuching, Sibu, and Miri, where various events and activities are organised to celebrate the state’s rich cultural heritage.